Tiens What Does This French Expression Mean

Tiens, pronounced tyeh(n),  is a classic informal expression that does a lot of jobs in the French lexicon, from the polite command  Here, take this to the interjections Hey, Listen, Look and more. Literally, it means Hold, but its usage goes far beyond that. As a Polite Command The expression tiens may be short, but its long on meaning and extremely common in spoken French.  Tiens is the imperative form of the verb tenir, which means to hold. The literal meaning of tiens,  and its vous form  tenez,  is simply the  command  Hold, as when you hand something to another person and ask that person to hold it for you. For example: Tiens,  jai besoin des deux mains pour conduire.   Here [take this], I need both hands to drive. You can also use the imperative tiens  when giving someone a gift or responding to a request:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tiens, je tai achetà © des fleurs.   Here, I bought you some flowers.  Ã‚  Tu me prà ªtes ton appareil photo? Alors, tiens.   Can I borrow your camera? Here you go. As an Interjection or Filler (More Common) But tiens and tenez are even more commonly used as interjections or fillers, with essentially three different meanings:1. When you spot someone, you say  tiens or  tenez. This is equivalent to saying something along the lines of, There you are or There he is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tiens, Marie !   Marie, there you are!  Ã‚  Tiens, voilà   Pierre.   Look, theres Pierre. 2. It also functions as a  filler to draw attention to what youre about to say, roughly equivalent to saying in English, Look, See or You know.   Ã‚  Tiens, il faut que tu saches quelque chose...   Look, theres something you need to know...  Tenez, ce nest pas une bonne idà ©e.   You know, thats not a good idea. 3. It delivers a note of surprise as well, like Hey! or How about that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Tiens, je viens de trouver 10 euros !   Hey, I just found 10 euros!     Aujourdhui, jai fait aucune faute. Tiens? Today, I made not one mistake. Really? Tiens, tiens Two tiens said in quick succession is an expression that suggests surprise or something unexpected.  Tiens, tiens means well, well, oh, my, how about that or tsk, tsk.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tiens, tiens, tu es enfin arrivà ©.   Well, well, youre finally here. Homographs Homographs are two or more words that have identical spellings but different meanings, derivations or pronunciations. Such false matches can cause confusion, so beware of these. In the case of tiens,  there are two other words with the identical spelling of our expression that mean  completely different things. The expression tiens is the second person singular imperative, but another  tiens is the conjugated form of the verb tenir: the first and second person singular of the present tense (je tiens, tu tiens).  Another tiens—le tiens—is the second person singular possessive pronoun, as in:  Jai trouvà © mon livre, mais oà ¹ est le tiens  ? (I found my book, but where is yours?)

Comparison of the Explorations of Portugal, Spain and France

During the exploration of the New World Portugal, France, and Spain had one thing in common to search for new resources such as sugar, spices, and gold. The European arrival in the Americas set a new era off known as the Columbian Exchange which changed the America’s forever. Native Americans introduced the Europeans to several new crops such as corn, squash, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes. Portugal set off for a search for sea route to Asia, while in competition with Spain who was also seeking an active root to Asia as well. The French exploration occurred later after the â€Å"New World† was found, and their target was to find a Northwest Passage where they hoped for a route through North America to the pacific. Portugal’s explorations of the Africa brought wealth and power for Prince Henry. It was not enough for him, so he was looking for more opportunities, especially to trade with India. His main goal was to find a sea route that connected to Asia. When Manuel took the throne, he organized a large expedition to India. After 22 days of sailing the crew landed Portugal reached their goal; they had found their long sought water route. I feel that without the advanced technology that Portugal utilized that no such route would have been found and they would have not been able to gain essential resources needed for their country to thrive. During the same time as Portugal’s expansion Spain was also seeking a passage from Spain across the Atlantic to Asia. A man fromShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus Vs Native America Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagespresent day, humans have obtained countless achievements for not being around for very long compared to other species. Christopher Columbus, unknowingly, discovered a whole new world and started the exploration of the Americas for everyone to come in the future. He opened the gate for the exploration of the Spanish, French, and English in the New World. 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The End of Osama bin Laden Free Essays

Ever since the twin towers of World Trade Center collapsed in New York on September 11, 2001, United States of America was hot on the heels of Osama bin Laden, the founder and main source of inspiration of al-Qaida, the organization accused of carrying out that heinous attack. Osama was considered as the fountainhead of all terrorist activities across the world and western powers were sparing no efforts to track this elusive leader. There were numerous reports of sightings of bin Laden but catching up on the world’s most notorious fugitive was becoming almost impossible. We will write a custom essay sample on The End of Osama bin Laden or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, for quite some time, sightings of bin Laden had become a joke, almost similar to the sightings of UFOs (Schabner, 2011). But on May 1, 2011, nearly a full decade after the dastardly destruction of twin towers, the President of United States of America declared that bin Laden was located in a fortress like house in Abbottabad, a garrison town in Pakistan, and killed in a commando operation. This operation had all the makings of a movie thriller and seemed fascinating in its use of latest technology and show of extreme personal courage by the commandos. The whole operation was carried out by US personnel without any help from their Pakistani counterparts and it was sheer cutting edge technology that hid their helicopters from the prying eyes of Pakistani radars. Pakistan military did not have the slightest inkling that US helicopters had violated their airspace and had ventured deep in their territory, picked out their target and decamped with his dead body. One of the helicopters malfunctioned during the operation and the commandos blew it up to prevent it from falling in Chinese hands. China, incidentally, is possibly the best friend of Pakistan which is gradually becoming isolated from world community because of its persistent dalliance with international terrorism and using it as a state policy against its neighbors (Schabner, 2011). US President went to extent of lauding this incident as justice finally being meted out to a criminal and to prevent any possibilities of his burial site turning into some sort of pilgrimage site for his followers, his body was summarily buried in deep sea with the world having no idea as to where exactly such burial was done. After the initial elation is over, the entire incident throws up certain rather unusual questions. The first of course is how Osama could hide in a garrison town without explicit knowledge of Pakistani army. The second and possibly even more disturbing question that surfaces to the mind is when US President’s public approval was at its lowest, some sort of gimmick was absolutely necessary to halt the downward slide, especially as he is due to begin his campaign for reelection very soon (Schabner, 2011). So, was it a case of extreme valor on the part US commandos and daring use of cutting edge technology, or was it a case of quid pro quo with Pakistani military establishment that handed over Obama in exchange of some as yet undisclosed benefit? This is the question that seems to bother many people around the world, since if such an apprehension is proved correct, it would be another example of US hypocrisy and extreme shortsightedness which it has exhibited time and again in world history and caused numerous crises across the world in foreign shores. Osama bin Laden eliminated: justice done When US President Barack Obama came on television on May 1, 2011 and declared justice has finally been done by eliminating Osama bin Laden in some far off garrison town in Pakistan, the world for an instant felt a surge of joy and relief at the destruction of that epitome of ruthless jihadist terrorism that took so many innocent lives and maimed numerous more unsuspecting peace loving citizens across the world. Really, the world felt that finally the long arm the law in a rather unique form had caught up with that man who ridiculed and taunted all tenets of civilized norms and killed people at will all in the name of some ill defined religious cause. The gory photos of collapsing twin towers of New York on out television screens further added to our relief at the death of the prime culprit who unleashed mayhem and senseless destruction without the slightest feeling of remorse or guilt. Scenes of jubilant public bathed in the all consuming wave of instant patriotism thronging the gates of White House further bolstered the super power image of United States of America and American citizens all over the world felt relived and secure at the thought that now nobody can cause them any harm in any corner of the world as Uncle Sam would be everywhere to protect them from any sort of trouble or discomfort (Schabner, 2011). One question however repeatedly keeps disturbing the mind. Why did the US Administration release a photo of the dead body of bin Laden and why did they bury his body in deep seas in almost a hypochondriac haste? US Administration is of course ready with an explanation of their queer behavior. They did not release the photograph of bin Laden as that was too gory and they buried him in deep sea to prevent his burial site from becoming a pilgrimage site for his followers as has happened in the case of Saddam Hussein, the deposed and dead President of Iraq (Schabner, 2011). It cannot be denied that these explanations have their merit, but the world has seen genuinely gory war photographs before and it would have done no real harm in seeing one more such photograph. And, the US could have flown the dead body of bin Laden in United States, at least for a private viewing of the top brass of US military. That would have permanently laid to rest all speculations that seemed to float around about the veracity of the operation and combat. However, the most disturbing issue that comes up is whether it was genuine effort by intelligence agencies of United States and a case of extreme courage by its commandos or it was some sort of trade off that US Administration had entered into with Pakistan. Obama needed some sort of a magic to revive his steadily flagging popularity graph as he is about to commence his reelection campaign within few months. Killing Osama bin Laden provided that perfect magic that he was so desperately looking for and he could pull it off by making a deal with Pakistani military which handed Osama bin Laden to US in return for some undisclosed booty. If this has actually been the case then United States has actually boosted international terrorism instead of eradicating it substantially (Schabner, 2011). Osama bin Laden killed in a daring commando raid by US May 1, 2011 will surely be marked as a watershed day not only in the history of United States but also the whole world. It was on this day that terror mastermind Osama bin Laden was eliminated by commandos of United States military. The world heaved a sigh of relief not only at the news that bin Laden would no longer be able to implement his nefarious plans of inflicting death and destruction on innocent civilian population across the world, but also in seeing the reaffirmation of the age old adage that good always wins over evil. This reaffirmation bolstered the sagging morale of millions of people across the world who had been hapless victims of mindless destruction unleashed by Osama and his henchmen. They once again raised their heads in firm conviction that evil, however venomous it might be, can never win over ood (Schabner, 2011).. Barack Obama, President of United States, could rightly have soaked in vicarious glory and valor of his commandos and could have strode the podium like a victorious Roman Emperor as he returned from a conquest with the head of the fallen king held high on a pike. But Obama did nothing of that and showed remarkable control and composure on such a momentous occasion and he deserv ed full throated praise for it (Schabner, 2011). But several nagging issues fail to leave the mind. The first, quite obviously, is why did the US military not release a photograph of slain Osama bin Laden? The argument put forward by US that the photograph would have too gory really does not hold water as only a couple of years back Sri Lankan military displayed the body of slain guerilla leader Prabhakaran with his head barely attached to his shoulder and that of his son with his head partially blown off. It was a commando raid, not a tea party, and such gore and blood is an integral part of such raids. So, the reluctance to publish any photograph of bin Laden raises a couple of other prickly questions too. The first among those is, did Osama get killed in that commando raid or was he handed over by his protectors, the military establishment of Pakistan, to the US forces in return for some undisclosed booty? The suspicion becomes stronger at conflicting details that kept on emanating from US Administration about the exact nature of combat that floored Osama. Initially it was said that he offered stiff resistance which was gradually changed to he was completely unarmed and could hardly find time to offer any sort of resistance. US Administration tried to save its face by saying that it was deliberately spreading confusing and conflicting information to baffle the enemy and it is a common ploy in times of war (Schabner, 2011).. But what enemy are these people talking about? Here was a man accompanied by a couple of his wives, children and grandchildren living in a mansion that did not have any modern means of communication and that man has been killed. So, how enemies of United States would be kept at bay by spreading confusing information on the degree of resistance this man had put up before his death genuinely belies comprehension. How to cite The End of Osama bin Laden, Papers

Routine Molecular Evaluation of Pathogen - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Routine Molecular Evaluation of Pathogen Clusters. Answer: Introduction: The field of health care field is one of the most dynamic sectors that continue to experience fast growth rates day after day. To navigate through this dynamism, well-educated individuals with high skill levels are needed. Hendershot (2011) contends that this is what is needed to manage healthcare facilities. Working in healthcare management gives ample opportunities for professionals who seek a career in a fast-paced sector as pointed out by Raymond (2016).Infection control management refers to a set of structures and systems which an organization or health facility put in place to protect and ensure quality care services are delivered to the patient (Raymond, 2016).Infection Control Management in health and disability services is a framework that seeks to ensure quality and consistently facilitate safe health and disability services.It seeks to identify practices designed to minimize infection rates in the health and disability sector. According to Allegranzi et al., (2011), infect ion control management sector needs to be thoroughly polished for effective control.All health workers should take responsibility for infection prevention and control, an aspect that adopts infection control management to prevent cross transmission from recognized and unrecognized sources of infection as pointed out by Riley (2017). Integral to managing population health, many health facilities are employing non-medicalstrategies to make communities healthier and at the lowest cost. Knoer (2017) denotes that it is achieved by partnering with community governments to improve neighborhood workability, make outdoor physical activities more accessible, promote healthy diets, eliminate smoking, and ensure access to medical and mental health services. According to Zingg et al (2015) health facilities vary in complexity, to size and the degree of risks associated with the services provide- these are all factors that determine how a health facility is programmed. In a 500 bed hospital setting, Mutters et al. (2017)denotes that the facility needs to be well-sized. Therefore, the infection control management program is designed to ensure that all rooms within the setting run concurrently to minimize the chances of any infection occurrence either to the patients or the care givers. A 500 bed setting requires effective strategies that will help in managing risk of infection using a clearly defined procedure as stipulated in the infection control program. According to the standard, Riley (2017) denotes that every room with beds should be monitored in terms of the size and space available in the facility considering the kind of infection that may occur. Within a 500 bed setting, the management practices adopted in the setting should be aimed at minimizing infection according to Raymond (2016). As per the standard, the strategies to be adopted should include; Routine cleaning of the rooms with the most preferred detergent that reduces the survival of microorganisms that might lead to infection. Thorough disinfection of the surfaces to kill the microorganisms like bacteria hence minimizing infection and development of other infections. Routine washing of the beddings. Wearing personal protection by the facility staff concerned with the cleaning of the rooms and washing of the beddings to avoid cross-contamination from the patients. According to Henny and Gunther (2017), the major area covered in infection control management include cleanliness of accountability as well as clearly defined and documented infection prevention control {IPC} program. Personnel involved in infection control should have access to ample resources to facilitate them in carrying out their responsibilities. Dedefo et al. (2016) denotes that these include safe storage for work records, ample working spaceand access to resources like current infection control text, journal, personnel, database, library; sufficient working time to avoid erroneous mistakes and a reliable information technology and audit officer to ensure the records are in check and up-to-date.The framework for infection prevention and control is stipulated by a committee that comprises of members from different departments within the health facility. The program should be followed to the latter by all infection control personnel within the health facility. According to Lee et al. (2011), the key stakeholders play a big role in the management infection control within the 500 bed setting to ensure patient safety. Best results are always felt when work is done in harmony and therefore in infection control management especially in the 500 bed hospital setting which is a big facility needs team work among the staff. Team work makes work easier because the only requirement is good communication amongst the team members so that whatever infection control needed to be done happens at the same time according to the program and the team leaders ensure that it is done perfectly without errors (Panchalingam Levine, 2016). Infection control Preventionist is a professional who possess a comprehensive set of skills requisite for investigation, prevention and management of the spread of infections within healthcare centers as pointed out by Reidy et al. (2015). Their expertise and skills in clinical work helps improving patient outcomes and curb any emerging infection cases in the health facility. Any individual with primary professional training in microbiology, epidemiology, or other related field can work as an Infection Preventionist. Liddell, A, Rollin (2016)also denotes that Infection Preventionist must have qualifications with regards to the requisite, training, experience and educationand must have the relevant certification. The bare minimum for an Infection Preventionist is part-time engagement at the health facility. The individual must have completed specialized training in infection prevention and control. The import of this is that a nurse already employed in a healthcare facility qualifies to assume the role of Infection Preventionist although additional training is an added advantage. Any other personnel with relevant training can work as an Infection Preventionist.Working in this area enableshealthcare professionals to access varied clinical and managerial experiences owing to the fact that it entails collaborating with professional from diverse training backgrounds. This helps to forge working relationships across different disciplines. According to Knoer (2017) control prevention supports healthcare activities and therefore must be applied at all times in the healthcare provision setting. The anticipated level of exposure to blood and other body fluids and the level of interaction between healthcare giver and patient determinethe application of Control Prevention. To consistently revise infection control policies and programs to ensure they are up to date. To ensure they are understood, and adhered to by all parties involved in the provision of health care. The effectiveness of policies is subject to thorough understanding by the staff members. Any staff training that has a direct impact on theinfection prevention and control is the responsibility of the Infection Preventionist. He/she ensures that staff is well versed with policies regarding resident immunizations particularly pneumococcol diseases and influenza and that they adhere to the guidelines. The Infection Preventionist must work in collaboration with theresidents representative to see to nit that the nursing staff is informed on previously administered immunizations and those that the residents might be in need of. The Infection Preventionist must also document all incidents regarding infections. Ensure a system is in place to document incidents. He/she should apart from documentation, further undertake to identify infection trends by applying root cause analysis sustainable corrective actions. Monitoring the antibiotic use by patient is another key responsibity of Infection Preventionists (IP). They must planfor the antibiotic stewardship program and start trending. Having sufficient information on the facility on the current antibiotic trends is vital for the IP too. This places them at a position where they can supervise the antibiotic stewardship program and continuously making improvement to the system in place to monitor and evaluate the antibiotic use by the patients. IPs must train on infection control. From the basics of infection prevention which encompasses hand hygiene and food handling to infection controlwhich includesisolation procedures, the training should take place on a continuous basis to ensure staffs are ready for incidents all the time. IPs must take active part the formulation of local and national policies, procedures and campaigns that are relevant to standard infection control precautions. Subsequent to this, the IP should discuss with the facility leadership and report on infection control and prevention measures, trends, and issues in the facility as part of the training process. The IP ensures that the stipulatedprinciples of standard infection control are observed by thecare givers, patients and residents, and visitors and other staff in the facility. There are categories of patients whose management can be a challenge for the infection prevention and control. These are children or even adults who are living with disabilities and have to rely on invasive invasive devices such as tracheostomies central lines, dialysis catheters,gastrostomy tubes on a long term basis. Kawakami and Misao (2014) point out that this is category of patients have increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, they are considered to be in need of primary healthcare by family members, an aspect that becomes a challenge because of the increased chances of multiple infections. The Concept of Clinical Governance According Pirkis (2017), clinical governance is a framework that guides the National Health Services facilities to ensure accountability and commits them to continuously undertake to improve the quality of services they offer to patients hence creating an environment that promotes clinical excellence. It focuses on the centrality of the patient welfare and advocates a multidisciplinary approach in developing effective healthcare systems. This commits the healthcare providers to ensure they minimize risks in the workplace both for the patients and for staff. These provide a guideline for healthcare providers to then develop their own criteria and standards that adhere to clinical governance as outlined by Richards (2016) in the article infection control; taking the lead.Clinical governance has got various components that are kept in practice by involved parties and they include; This concerns risk minimization. It involves identify the potential sources of risks to the patient during care and understanding the factors involved. Additionally, it includes evaluating the risk situations and adverse events and learning lessons from such incidents to inform future actions in a bid to ensure a recurrence is prevented and the risks minimized. Clinical audit is a means of measuring the quality of work done by healthcare providers. These include nurses, doctors, medical lab personnel and others. They can measure their performance against the set standards and determine the quality of their services. The results of the audit should inspire change appropriately in the areas of weaknesses identified. Further clinical audits should be done to assess the effects of the changes made. It is vital that staff mandated to provide patient care possess the knowledge and skills relevant to the delivery of services to the patients. That being a fundamental requirement, it is important that opportunities are provided for staff to bring their skill and knowledge at par with the emerging developments in the healthcare provision sector. Evidence-based care and effectiveness Care for patients should be based on good quality evidence from research by the healthcare staff. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) spells out national guidelines which regulate healthcare provision, the promotion of good health and provide a framework for the prevention and treatment of ill health hence providing the best care for the patients. Given that the ultimate goal for the health care facility is provision of healthcare of the highest quality, it is imperative that the approach to healthcare provision is consultative and done with sufficient collaboration between staff and patients as the consumers of the services. According to Zador(2011) this means that healthcare providers must be involved in policy planning and implementation in order for them to understand the needs and concerns of patients as the consumers of their services. Care giver councils are one avenue for care givers to gain knowledge on patient views and concerns. Health facility management also monitors the patients views through the Patient Services Department which receives complaintsand compliments from the clients (patients) and works in liaison with the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS). Staffing and staff management The significance of staffing and staff management to the achievement of the objective of providing high quality care in a health care facility is paramount. Having staff with the requisite skills and having them work in an efficient team with proper support systems ensures that the services they provide are the best. Clinical governance is very important in infection control and prevention in that there will be accountability in the case an outbreak of multiple infections as a result of cross transmission within a health facility and therefore measures will be taken as soon as possible to curb the situation. According to Clarke, Harcourt, and Flynn, M (2013), good clinical governance is whereeveryone who passes through health system is well cared for since the system enables the staff to work in the best possible way. The staffs are thus able to perform to the highest possible standards. Therefore, for clinical governance to be successful, Brown, Crawford, and Mullany (2015) denote that clear lines outlining responsibilities and accountability must be drawn if an effective program for quality improvement is to be realized. There should also be clear policies aimed at managing any health risk as well as proper procedures to identify and remedy poor performance. The negative/bad aspect of clinical governance in relation to infection control management of health and disability service standards is evident when the patients receive unsatisfactory services from the staffs: this happens when staff fail to pay attention to the basic principles of infection control and as a result, patients safety is not given first priority according to Stoto and Smith (2016). References Brown, B., Crawford, P., Mullany, L (2015).Clinical governmentality: a critical linguistic perspective on clinical governance in health care organisations',Journal Of Applied Linguistics, 2, 3, pp. 299-324. Clarke, C., Harcourt, M., Flynn, M (2013).Clinical Governance, Performance Appraisal and Interactional and Procedural Fairness at a New Zealand Public Hospital',Journal Of Business Ethics, 117, 3, pp. 667-678. Dedefo, M., Zelalem, D., Eskinder, B., Assefa, N., Ashenafi, W., Baraki, N., DamenaTesfatsion, M, Oljira, L, Haile, A (2016).Causes of Death among Children Aged 5 to 14 Years Old from 2008 to 2013 in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kersa HDSS), Ethiopia',Plos ONE, 11, 6, pp. 1-11. Hendershot, E (2011). An Infection Control Program for a 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Outbreak in a University-Based Summer Camp',Journal Of American College Health, 59, 5, pp. 419-426, Henny, N, Gunther, F (2017).Improvement of infection control management by routine molecular evaluation of pathogen clusters',Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease, 88, 1, pp. 82-87. Kawakami, K, Misao, H (2014).Framework for controlling infection through isolation precautions in Japan',Nursing Health Sciences, 16, 1, pp. 31-38. Knoer, S. J (2017). Population Health Management: Improving the Community to Heal the Patient. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 74(2), 30-32. Lee, B., Wettstein, Z., McGlone, S., Bailey, R., Umscheid, C., Smith, K, Muder, R (2011).Economic value of norovirus outbreak control measures in healthcare settings',Clinical Microbiology Infection, 17, 4, pp. 640-646, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Liddell, A, Rollin, P (2016).Addressing Infection Prevention and Control in the First U.S. Community Hospital to Care for Patients With Ebola Virus Disease: Context for national Recommendations and Future Strategies',Annals Of Internal Medicine, 165, 1, pp. 41-49, Mortensen, H., Alexander, J., Nehrenz, G, Porter, C (2013).Infection control professionals' information-seeking preferences',Health Information Libraries Journal, 30, 1, pp. 23-34, Mutters, N. T., Heeg, K., Spth, I., Henny, N., Gnther, F (2017).Improvement of infection control management by routine molecular evaluation of pathogen clusters. Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease, 88(1), 82-87. Panchalingam, S, Levine, M (2016).Epidemiology, Seasonality and Factors Associated with Rotavirus Infection among Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Western Kenya, 20082012: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)',Plos ONE, 11, 8, pp. 1-17, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Pirkis, J (2017). Implementing a Primary Mental Health Service for Children: Administrator and Provider Perspectives',Journal Of Child Family Studies, 26, 2, pp. 497-510. Raymond, L (2016). Importance of preventative hand hygiene practices in community nursing wound management. Australian Nursing Midwifery Journal, 24(2), 32. Reidy, M., Ryan, F., Hogan, D., Lacey, S, Buckley, C (2015).Preparedness of Hospitals in the Republic of Ireland for an Influenza Pandemic, an Infection Control Perspective',BMC Public Health, 15, 1, pp. 1-9. Riley, L, Y (2017). Antimicrobial-resistant infections among postpartum women at a Ugandan referral hospital',Plos ONE, 12, 4, pp. 1-13. Zador, D (2011). Injectable opiate maintenance in the UK: is it good clinical practice?',Addiction, 96, 4, pp. 547-553.

Delta Essay Example

Delta Essay Delta Airlines traces its roots back to 1924, when Huff Daland Dusters founded the worldsfirst aerial crop dusting organization.In 1928 the company became Delta Air Service and on June 17, 1929, Delta began its airline service with thefirst passenger flights over a route stretching from Dallas, Texas to Jackson, Mississippi.Today Delta Air Lines transports more passengers worldwide than any other airline, through a vast worldwide route system.Some of its worldwide partners include Air Jamaica, British European, China Southern, Malaysia Airlines, and South African Airways.Since the founding of Delta Air Lines, they have stood for safe and reliable air transportation, distinctive customer service and hospitality from the heart.Deltas vision is to build on its traditions and to always meet their customers expectations while taking service to even higher levels of excellence.In 2001, 104 million passengers chose to fly Delta, more than any other airline in the world.Delta is dedicated to being the best airline in the eyes of their customers. They are determined to provide value and distinctive products to their customers, a superior return for investors and challenging and rewarding work for Delta people in an environment that respects and values their contributions. The events and challenges that Delta had to face in 2001 was unlike any they had to encounter in 2000 or for that matter unlike any in the history of aviation.Prior to September 11th, the slowing economy reduced the demand for air travel among both business and leisure passengers.The events of September 11 had an astronomical impact in the airline industry.Our nations aviation system was called to a halt and the skies became silent and empty.Passengers, crew members, and aircraft were grounded in unplanned destinations.Every airport in the nation was shut down within hours of the event.During the period when airports wer

Lillian Hellmans Little Foxes essays

Lillian Hellmans Little Foxes essays Anton Chekhov is a Russian writer. He was born in 1860 in Taganro, Russia. His childhood was spent in the slums of a poor neighborhood. He and his brothers worked long hours in the shop owned by his father. Later, he develops pleurisy in his lungs which develops into tuberculosis. One year later, his father went bankrupt. His father had always dreamed of a better life, and had recently moved into a better house on a better street. To escape from being thrown in prison for not paying his debts, his father took part of his family and fled to Moscow. Anton stayed behind in Taganro. While in Moscow, his fathers family sunk even deeper into debt. They were living in a basement in the slum area of town. In 1879, Anton graduated from the university and went to Moscow to study medicine. During this time, he wrote short stories, and drew comical sketches to help support his family. While he was in Moscow, he and his best friend would save their money to go to the local theater. Later, they made their way back stage, and were asked to perform in some plays. This was the beginning of Antons theatrical performances. Even though he began his medical studies in Moscow, his great love was writing short stories and plays. Subsequently, he became famous in the literature field, but in 1889 his health was deteriorating. By being a doctor, he knew that he had tuberculosis of the lungs and the intestines. Later, in 1901, while writing The Three Sisters, he returned to Moscow to be married to Olga, an actress who had leading roles in several of his plays at the Museum Art Theater. During their marriage, they wrote numerous letters back and forth. Chekhov was now in constant pain and would tire easily while writing. He decided to travel with Olga to Berlin to see a specialist, but the treatment only provided temporary relief. He died on July 9, 1904. ...

MLA ARGUMENT RESEARCH PAPER ON CIVIL WAR IN LIBERA Dissertation

MLA ARGUMENT RESEARCH PAPER ON CIVIL WAR IN LIBERA - Dissertation Example Thus, their attack by the America Liberians is totally uncalled for. Adebajo has this to write about the America-Liberians, â€Å"This coastal settler elite established a corrupt, nepotistic system that excluded and oppressed the sixteen main â€Å"up-country† indigenous ethnic groups: the Bassa, Belle, Dei, Gbandi, Gio, Gola, Grebo, Kissi, Kpelle, Krahn, Kru, Loma, Mandingo, Mano, Mende, and Vai† (21). The America-Liberians â€Å"waged several wars against the indigenous peoples of Liberia whom they overran and subjugated as menials.† (Bassey & Oshita 111). The America Liberians are actually the force behind the series of unrest in Liberia as the injustice in the land forced Liberians to react. This is not as if the Liberians were right for staging a civil war in the first place, but the fact remains that the America Liberians should not have targeted innocent people. â€Å"Even though Liberia was established because of the ‘love of liberty’, the h istory of this country has been characterized by different and ugly experiences: political repression, lack of rule of law, social exclusion and deprivation, economic mismanagement, and poor governance.

Explain The Term Structure Of Interest Rates Essay

Explain The Term Structure Of Interest Rates - Essay Example Interest date data for bonds with different maturities date is published frequently and investors can use it to determine the term structure of interest rates. Some of the most popular interest rate data sources are the Wall Street Journal, Federal Reserve Bulletin and websites like Bloomberg and CNN. The term structure can be verified at any point in time by using published data from renowned sources. Yield curves are drawn using this published data on interest rates. There are short term and long term interest rates. Since long term interest rates have an element of maturity risk premium (MRP), they are usually higher than short term rates. When researching on the term structure of interest rates, it is important to have knowledge of commonly used terms like the Yield to Maturity (YTM), which is defined as the expected rate of return on a bond held till maturity (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010). Another concept which is discussed with YTM is that of the zero coupon bonds (or discount b onds). A zero coupon bond is a financial asset which at the date of maturity T, pays its holder a lump sum amount, with no coupon payments before the date of maturity (hence the name zero-coupon). The YTM at time t of a discount bond with maturity T is the constant and continuously compounded rate of rate of return at which the price of the bond accrues from time t to time T and pays one currency unit to the holder at time T. The YTM is also referred to as the spot rate and the notation R (t, T) is used for it. Spot rates are short term interest rates and the term structure of interest rates depicts the relationship between spot rates and their dates of maturity (Gibson, Lhabitant and Talay, 2010). Interest rates are not only used in discounting and pricing for zero-coupon bonds but also other financial derivatives because their prices are sensitive to interest rates. If we go beyond the scope of an individual investor, we can see that interest rates are also important to corporatio ns. This is because when corporations are doing project appraisals, they use interest rate for computing the net present value and the discounted payback period for a project. The cost of capital which is of prime importance to corporations also depends upon interest rates (Benninga and Wiener, 1998). It will be useful to specify the type of interest rate before discussing investment decisions and discounting. There are two main types of interest rates: simple interest rate and compound interest rate. Simple rate of interest is interest on a lump sum principal amount and it does not itself earn interest. Quite contrary to this, is the compound rate of interest which itself earns interest. Investment decisions and discounting are all predominantly based on compound interest rates (Kelly and Tracy, 2010) Long term interest rates are an average of short term interest rates. The relationship between short and long term interest rates involves expectations. For example, if it is expected that short term interest rates will fall then the long term interest rates will fall below the current short term rate. The contrary situation is also valid: if it is expected that short term interest rates will increase then the long term interest rates will rise above the current short term rate. These two situations are possible only because long term rates are derived from short term rates. It is a general perception that long rates are greater than short rates and this is termed as the ‘

DAG in Nephron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DAG in Nephron - Research Paper Example pathway that can be activated by many of the metabolic and hemodynamic factors involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy† (Schrijvers, Vriese & Flyvbjerg, 971).   1) Bertorello, Alejandro M., â€Å"Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase C results in a dual effect on Na + ,K -ATPase activity from intact renal proximal tubule cells†, Journal of Cell Science, (1992) 101, 343-347, September 4, 2010 from: http://jcs.biologists.org/content/101/2/343.full.pdf 2) Cerbon, Jorge & Rosa del Carmen Lopez-Sanchez, â€Å"Diacylglycerol generated during sphingomyelin synthesis is involved in protein kinase C activation and cell proliferation in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells†, Biochemistry Journal, (2003) 373, 917-924, September 4, 2012 from: http://www.biochemj.org/bj/373/0917/3730917.pdf 4) Jung, Kwang-Mook et al, â€Å"Diacylglycerol Lipase-ÃŽ ± and -ÃŽ ² Control Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro-2a Cells through Distinct Molecular Mechanisms†, Molecular Pharmacology, (2011) 80.1, 60-67, September 4, 2010 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3127538/ 5) Nogaroli, Luciana et al, â€Å"Diacylglycerol kinase activity in puriï ¬ ed basolateral membranes of kidney tubules I. Evidence for coupling with phospholipase C†, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, (2005) 37, 79-90, September 4, 2010 from: http://artigocientifico.uol.com.br/uploads/artc_1152842008_32.pdf 6) Schrijvers, Bieke F., Vriese, An S. De & Allan Flyvbjerg, From Hyperglycemia to Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Role of Metabolic, Hemodynamic, Intracellular Factors and Growth Factors/Cytokines, The Endocrine Society, (2004) 25.6, 971, September 4, 2012 from:

The History Of The Ginger Smart Basics Tourism Essay

The History Of The Ginger Smart Basics Tourism Essay Roots Corporation Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Indian Hotels Company Limited. IHCL is a part of the Tata Group of companies, which is Indias premier business house. On December 24, 2003, RCL operated the first of its kind category of Smart Basic hotels across India. RCL develops and operates a fast expanding chain of economy hotels across India under the GINGER brand. The Smart Basic concept created a revolution in the Indian Hospitality Industry. These hotels are termed as GenNext category of hotels. GenNext means generation next, i.e., these hotels are completely new concept, which has changed the outlook of hospitality industry in India. They signify simplicity, convenience, informality, style, warmth, modernity and affordability. The concept of Ginger hotels was developed in association of renowned corporate strategy thinker Dr. C.K. Prahalad and the hotels have been inherently designed and established by IHCL. The first of the Smart basics hotels was launched in Bangalore and was called as IndiOne. First, they completed the test marketing and subsequent fine-tuning of hotel facilities and services of IndiOne then rolled out the concept across India. Now the category of hotels has been launched with a new name Ginger Hotels which is in accord with the fresh, simple and stylish world of Smart basics. The ginger Hotels are built in such a way that they meet the key needs of todays travellers at affordable rates. It follows the concept of Smart Basics which is a philosophy of providing intelligent, thought out facilities and services at a value pricing and reflects the new spirit in which people live and work today. Ginger Hotels target middle-income group people with increasing disposable income. This class likes to spend on travel but not on luxury accommodation, they look for accommodation, which can provide value for their money. All they want is a clean, secure and hygienic accommodation at affordable prices. Ginger Hotels follow generic strategy of growth in which they focus on the cities which has already experienced significant growth. Such cities generally show growth in certain business activities like population growth rates, tourism and convention activities, air traffic volume, local commercial real estate occupancy and retail sales volume. These cities tend to have strong demand for hotel facilities and services. They invest in hotels that are situated near both business and leisure centres which tends to create great demand for hotel services and enables them to attract both weekday business guests and weekend leisure travellers. They have a separate team consisting of members from finance, marketing, development and hotel management departments who assess the financial return of every new investment that the group decides to make and the team clears only those projects that they find are financially viable and which would provide them profitable returns. They target markets that do not have wide seasonal fluctuation in occupancy and focus on small entrepreneurs, traders etc. Ginger has the first mover advantage. Looking at the increasing cost trends in real estate market in the last few years. Ginger Group of hotels lease out the area, building, or takeover some non-branded hotel, in this way they save significant amount of cost and time and moves into the market early which helps them in capturing significant market share ahead of its competitors. The company has identified over 80 cities and intends to focus more cities in the future. In order to increase their customer base, the company intends to continue growing organically in the existing cities in which they operate by selectively establishing more ginger hotels. The Indian Hospitality Industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Ginger hotels compete with three star full service hotels from unorganised sector. Earlier ginger hotels were the only branded three star hotels from the organised sector but the competition for ginger hotels have grown significantly after the announcement by newer inte rnational and local hotel companies to set-up hotels across the country in the value segment. Some of the potential competitors of ginger hotels are Lemon Tree Hotels, Ibis (Accor), Keys (Bergruen Hotels), Hilton, Garden Inn Hotels (DLF) etc. Initially Ginger Hotels leased land in order to build hotels but now they are doing things differently from building a hotel on the top of a shopping mall and redeveloping an existing property. Ginger Hotels provide similar services that a normal hotel provides like rooms with T.V>, fridge, tea/coffee makers, laundry, restaurants, Wi-Fi connections, meeting rooms, business centres, Gyms, Car rental services, Doctor on call, Currency exchangers etc. The manner in which these services are provided differentiates it from other normal hotels. The tag line of Ginger hotels is PLEASE HELP YOURSELF which means most of the services offered have to be carried out by the customer himself. There are no room services or bellhops this strategy adopted by ginger, benefits customers and the hotel, customers, can save upon the tips, which otherwise they would have to pay for room services and hotel can save upon the cost of human resource. Most of the services have to be carried out by the guest himself like while checking into the hotel a guest does not need the assistance of the reception counter as ginger hotels have Self Check-In Kiosk. In addition, there is Give n Take Counter that th e guest can use to deliver used clothes for laundry. There is an ironing room in every floor of ginger hotels. Further are water dispensers on each floor. Ginger hotels also have round the clock vending machine to provide with packed snacks and hot/cold beverages irrespective of the working of the restaurant. In addition, a vending machine to supply other things like toiletries, combs, toothpastes, soaps, mosquito repellents etc. ginger has outsourced food and beverage partners operating on a revenue share model. They have introduced facilities like SMART wellness, which is Ayurvedic wellness facility for business travellers at a low cost. In addition, SMART sleep that includes posture-pedic mattress for absorbing and redistributing pressure from the body weight. In future Ginger Hotels intends to develop its own merchandise range that will be offered in hotel and on the website. The size of the room in the hotel is kept small around 180 sq. Feet as compared to 250-400 sq. Feet of p remium hotels. The concept of Help Yourself has helped the company in operating the hotel with just 25 staff members as compared to premium hotels where they employ around 250 people. The room charges range from Rs. 999 to Rs. 3000, which is quite affordable. All this practice has helped them to cut their marketing costs significantly. Early Mover status and establishes regional operational and synergy has enabled ginger to develop and operate its hotels efficiently and successfully. Ginger Hotels offer standardised products and maintain uniformity of hotel chain. They have come up with unique product features consisting of design, appearance, decoration, colour that attracts the customers attention. The company has developed a record of accomplishment of expanding the business operations through organic growth and maintain high quality, also achieve their financial target. Since there is a shortage of Human resource in ginger hotels, they have adopted a flexible and robust IT system in collaboration with Tata Consultancy Services, which is a company- wide seamlessly, integrated IT system developed by SAP. Ginger hotels has a unique value proposition that appeals the middle class budget people and makes it a flourishing business. If we look at the Indian Hotel Industry, there are certain strengths or favourable factors that contribute to the prosperity of the company in the industry. Ginger hotels are associated with low cost airlines and low cost mode of transportation thus providing a low price better quality accommodation. Apart from this Ginger hotels are located near railway stations and bus stops and are situated in places, which can be beneficial for both business people and tourists. They are mostly located in the city with less seasonal fluctuations in accommodation. Most of the employees are outsourced thus ginger maintains a low amount of staff as the hotel does not offer any room service thus it helps in providing cost benefit. Ginger hotels also provide all basic amenities like gym, ATM, Wi-Fi etc. that helps the hotel in maintaining its standard and quality. This brand is very fresh and simple. It gives a new feeling as expected by the new emerging middle-income group in the country. Ginger relies on regional advertising rather than spending on national campaigns thereby cutting significant amount of cost and successfully building a brand. They have also been able to gain a lot of reputation by being a part of Tata Group, which is a pioneer in the Indian market. Another aspect of their brand strength comes from their holistic value. They have also taken a great consideration for disabled people by designing the last room in the hotel especially for them. They are budget hotels and operate on low cost. They have the ability of spreading themselves quickly across the county in just span of 8 years they have opened up around 40 hotels across the country. The brand Ginger has become very successful hotel chain in India by achieving the occupancy rate of 80%. As Ginger Hotels enjoy certain advantages and strengths they have to face various threats and weaknesses. Ginger hotels is unable to attract higher-middle class and upper class who look for more luxury and services and ginger being a budget hotel does not provide much services. Since ginger is economy chain of hotels, they have a high employee turnover due to limited scope and remuneration provided by the group. This makes ginger incur huge costs by training new employees repeatedly. Ginger comes under the category of three star hotels and it has to face a tuff competition from the local hotels of unorganised sector that are even cheaper and provide services. Apart from these local hotels there are many new brands which have announced their desire to enter the budget hotel segment thus providing more competition to ginger hotels. There are always two faces of a coin, same is the case with ginger hotels, if there are strengths, weaknesses also prevail. Ginger is characterised by a high turnover of frontline staff, rapid, growth and dispersed location. Gingers ability to attract good talent and retain employees is critical for their growth strategy and that people are critical to maintaining the quality and consistency of its services and thereby their brand and reputation. Ginger has outsourced most of its activities only 8 to 9 managers per hotel are on the rolls of ginger rest other facilities like kitchen, restaurant, and backend maintenance are outsourced. Ginger has 175 permanent employees. Ginger hotels have collaborated with various hotel management schools to develop talented students who can meet the rapidly growing demands of the company. The company uses a multi- step recruitment process for retaining and recruiting the best talent. Ginger has implemented extensive training programs and periodic tests for managerial and other hotel-based staff primarily through training partners. They provide various career advancement opportunities to their employees. Ginger hotel organises a two-month extensive training period for new unit managers during which they receive training in managing all core aspects of the hotel operations and they get familiar with the company culture and philosophy. Ginger group also conducts timely web based tests to assess the knowledge and skills of the workers. The company uses performance linked compensation structure, career oriented training to motivate its employees. Even after having such an extensive human resource strategy. Ginger hotels face various challenges as it mainly operates in smaller non-metro cities where the employees are less exposed to new technology, comfort and modern amenities, it becomes a difficult task for the company to gear up the employees upto the standard of ginger hotels. Designing a system to recruit right kind of people and provide right training to employees is a difficult question for ginger hotels as the development inputs are different for different locations. Additionally acquiring professionally qualified employees in remote areas and non-metro cities and retaining them is an area of concern. In order to retain the employees, ginger has come up with various measures so that employees can get additional value in terms of non-monetary rewards like developing employee competencies by providing certifications etc. but consistently ensuring this across all the locations is a big challenge. Ginger uses unconventiona l recruitment process as conventional recruitment becomes very expensive for the group. They have created a portal called [emailprotected] from where almost 48% of the companys recruitment takes place and rest of the recruitment takes places through referral programmes in which existing employees refer a new employee and if the referred person gets selected the referrer gets reward in this way the company satisfies both the existing and new employees. They have also merged with various management schools and employees go to colleges and collaborate with them by linking with their syllabi, they call students for get together and use students as summer interns so that they build relationship even before the recruitment starts. They try to keep their staff motivated by giving them a chance to learn new things and upgrade their skills. Since they are budget hotels so they choose e-learning initiatives to cut costs. They have in house training, induction and e-learning modules based on c ustomer feedback systems. The compliance with quality standards are monitored through both scheduled and unscheduled visits, periodic tests and reviews at each hotel. In addition, the practice of mystery audits and of tracking customer comments through guest comment cards, allows ginger to improve its services and facilities at each hotel. Gingers corporate marketing and advertising strategies are designed to enhance consumer awareness and preference for the ginger brand as offering the value, convenience and comfort in the economy hotel segment in Indian Hospitality industry. Ginger has to reshape the customer expectations, as still Indian customers are uncomfortable with the concept of smart basics and self-service. Each day they have to entertain many customers who enter the hotel without knowing what to expect. Customers often complaint about services which are not provided by the ginger hotels. However, creating awareness for ginger brand is a difficult task to perform, as ginger is a budget hotel, as its business model does not allow huge expenditure on media and promotion. Nevertheless, even after facing various challenges. Ginger has been able to respond effectively to the changing dynamics and economies of the Indian Hospitality Industry. With the continuing expansion across the country, customers are now seei ng a greater value in ginger hotels. Ginger CEO Prabhat Pani said, Ginger hotels, like any other Tata enterprise, would continue to be driven by respect for people and nature, and would like to epitomise environment-friendliness and social responsibility in all aspects of business.

Female Mutilation :: essays research papers

Female Genital Mutilation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost every person around the globe has a different viewpoint of different subjects. One such example is that of female genital mutilation, or otherwise noted as female circumcision. Many groups of people find female genital mutilation to be sacred while another group believes it to be terribly horrendous. Each year millions of women worldwide undergo a procedure often referred to as female circumcision; there are many reasons why a woman would choose to have this be done as well as many more women who go through this malicious process against their will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female genital mutilation is called by a variety of different names. A couple of them include female circumcision and female cutting. Female circumcision is used in reference to female circumcision being the male circumcision’s counterpart. However, this is undoubtedly not the case. Female cutting is the most simplistic name given; it only regards the procedure as â€Å"cutting.† Female genital mutilation came along some years later with the intention of drawing attention to the horrid nature of the procedure (Source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several different types of female circumcision. Mainly the types vary by severity of degree to which they are performed. Type I includes the â€Å"removal of the clitoral hood with or without removal of part or all of the clitoris† (Source Type 1 Excision (removal) of the clitoral hood with or without removal of part or all of the clitoris. Type 2 Removal of the clitoris together with part or all of the labia minora. Type 3 (infibulation) Removal of part or all of the external genitalia (clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora) and stitching and/or narrowing of the vaginal opening leaving a small hole for urine and menstrual flow. Type 4 (unclassified) All other operations on the female genitalia, including: Pricking, piercing, stretching, or incision of the clitoris and/or labia; Cauterization by burning the clitoris and surrounding tissues; Incisions to the vaginal wall;